Trailing twelve months (TTM) of payroll, calculated from the last 4 quarters.
Represents the aggregate amount a company pays its employees, including wages, salaries, bonuses, commissions, and employer-paid benefits.
May also include payroll taxes and withholdings. Reported as an operating expense on the income statement and as a liability when accrued but unpaid.
Estimated: Field values are estimated using imputation, observed proxies, or tax-based derivations.