Trailing twelve months (TTM) of operating income, calculated from the last 4 quarters.
Represents earnings generated from normal business activities, calculated as gross profit minus operating expenses (e.g., SG&A, R&D). Excludes non-operating items such as interest and taxes.
A higher value indicates stronger operating performance and efficiency in managing core activities.
Estimated: Field values are estimated using imputation, observed proxies, or tax-based derivations.